高端医疗险
神刊CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians近日刊登Cancer statistics for adolescents and young adults, 2020，就美国最新涉及青壮年（15~39岁）的恶性肿瘤情况作了一个系统的统计。在这之中，有哪些规律和启示呢？我们节录一些重要内容，与您分享。
In 2020, there will be approximately 89,500 new cancer cases and 9270 cancer deaths in AYAs (adolescents and young adults). Overall cancer incidence increased in all AYA age groups during the most recent decade (2007‐2016), largely driven by thyroid cancer, which rose by approximately 3% annually among those aged 20 to 39 years and 4% among those aged 15 to 19 years.
2020年，在美国青壮年中，将有大约89500个新的恶性肿瘤病例和9270个恶性肿瘤死亡病例。最近10年（2007-2016年）中，青壮年总体恶性肿瘤发病率均有所上升，主要是受甲状腺癌的影响。20-39岁人群的恶性肿瘤发病率每年上升约3%，15-19岁人群的恶性肿瘤发病率每年上升4%。
解说：过去十年，越来越多的青壮年被筛查出恶性肿瘤，特别是甲状腺癌，使得青壮年的恶性肿瘤发病率升高。
Incidence also increased in most age groups for several cancers linked to obesity, including kidney (3% annually across all age groups), uterine corpus (3% in the group aged 20‐39 years), and colorectum (0.9%‐1.5% in the group aged 20‐39 years).
与肥胖有关的几种恶性肿瘤在大多数年龄组的发病率也有所增加。比如说：肾癌（各年龄段每年发病率约升高3%）、子宫癌（20-39岁组，每年发病率约升高3%）和结直肠癌（20-39岁组，每年发病率约升高0.9%-1.5%）。
解说：肥胖不仅仅如大家所知会增加心脑血管风险，其实也会增加一些恶性肿瘤的风险，去过美国的都知道，300斤可能不算胖子，那么在美国的青壮年恶性肿瘤数据也有体现，肾癌、子宫癌和结直肠癌高发。
Overall cancer mortality declined during 2008 through 2017 by 1% annually across age and sex groups, except for women aged 30 to 39 years, among whom rates were stable because of a flattening of declines in female breast cancer.
2008年至2017年期间，各年龄组和性别组的总体恶性肿瘤死亡率每年下降1%，但30至39岁的女性除外，由于女性乳腺癌的下降趋于平稳，其中的死亡率保持稳定。
解说：医疗技术不断提升，死亡率趋于下降或平稳。
Among AYAs, incidence increases with advancing age for all cancer types except for ALL, bone tumors, and Hodgkin lymphoma, for which rates are highest in adolescents.
在青壮年中，除急性淋巴细胞白血病、骨肿瘤和霍奇金淋巴瘤外，所有恶性肿瘤类型的发病率随着年龄增长而增加，其中青少年（15~19岁）的发病率最高。
解说：大多数情况下，年龄越高，疾病风险越高，对于恶性肿瘤而言也不例外。由此，如需做好准备，就该尽早。
Rates in women compared with men, however, are 30% higher in AYAs aged 20 to 29 years (55 vs 42 per 100,000 population) and nearly double in those aged 30 to 39 years (161 vs 84 per 100,000 population) , primarily because of the substantially higher incidence of breast and thyroid cancers and melanoma of the skin in women.
然而，与男性相比，20至29岁的女性的恶性肿瘤发病率高出30%（男女性相比发病率，每10万人口55：42），30至39岁女性的发病率高出近一倍（每10万人口，161：84），主要是因为女性的乳腺癌、甲状腺癌和皮肤黑色素瘤的发病率大幅提高。
解说：对于年轻女性而言，她们将比男性遭受更多的恶性肿瘤风险。
Cancer mortality rates in AYAs have been steadily declining in all age and sex groups since at least 1975.
至少自1975年以来，所有年龄组和性别组的青壮年恶性肿瘤死亡率一直在稳步下降。
解说：对于早期、预后好的恶性肿瘤而言，患者应更有信心，不再将癌症视为是一种绝症。
In one population‐based study, approximately 14% of AYA cancer survivors developed a subsequent cancer 30 years postdiagnosis, with melanoma and breast, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary cancers being the most common subsequent malignancies.
在一项基于人群的研究中，约14%的青壮年恶性肿瘤生存者在确诊后30年内发现继发恶性肿瘤，其中黑色素瘤和乳腺癌、胃肠癌和泌尿生殖系统癌症是最常见的后续恶性肿瘤。
解说：如果购买保险，一次恶性肿瘤的赔付是否足够？
AYA cancer survivors experience more financial hardship than the general population and spend more on out‐of‐pocket medical costs, which is compounded by higher uninsured rates among AYAs compared with other age groups.
青壮年恶性肿瘤幸存者比普通人群经历更多的经济困难，在自付医疗费用上花费更多，与其他年龄组相比，青壮年的无保险率更高，这也加剧了这些患者的经济困难状况。
解说：中美青少年一家亲，我年轻，我不需要保险。
